STABILITY OF VANET UNDER HIGH TRAFFIC DENSITY: A REVIEW OF V2X ARCHITECTURES, RELIABILITY MODELS, AND CONGESTION CONTROL MECHANISMS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/ts-v4i4y2026N03Keywords:
VANET, Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE 802.11p, C-V2X, Basic Safety Message (BSM), transmission reliability, MAC optimization, stochastic modeling, Quality of Service (QoS).Abstract
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) represent a specialized class of mobile self-organizing networks designed to support Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The primary purpose of VANETs is to ensure reliable and low-latency transmission of safety-critical information, particularly Basic Safety Messages (BSMs), between vehicles and roadside infrastructure elements. This paper presents a systematic review of VANET architectural solutions, communication standards, routing protocols, probabilistic and stochastic models of network operation, as well as methods for improving data transmission reliability. Special attention is given to radio channel congestion modeling, analysis of collision probability during medium access, and adaptive optimization of MAC-layer parameters. Contemporary scientific challenges and future development prospects of VANETs are examined in the context of integration with 5G/6G networks and distributed edge computing.
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